Next we consider the large-scale structure.
The so-called L-L conjecture is investigated below.
Here, the time-dependent terms have been ignored.
But the situation regarding the long-range interaction is much different.
This is a third-order calculation.
In this case, the signal-to-noise ratio is too small.
These are five-nation talks carried out biannually.
They walked down the six-mile path.
Under normal conditions, their scales have a light blue-green tint.
These are the first- and second-order solutions.
This system exhibits low-frequency pressure oscillations.
关于上述例句最需要注意的重点是,连字符被用来组成作为 (语法及语义) 单位的复合词。这说明了一种情况,如例句 (2),我们使用 so-called L-L (而不是 so-called-L-L),而例句 (11),我们使用 low-frequency pressure (而不是 low-frequency-pressure)。
连接单词
到此,我们已经讨论了连字符的两种主要用法。在本节中,我将说明另外几种比较特别的用法。
(i) 连接字母与单词
X-ray, U-turn, three-D
(ii) 连接数字与字母或单词
2-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold (cf. twofold, tenfold, hundredfold),
4-plex, 3-D, 1-dodecanol, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, pre-1920
(ii) 避免含糊不清
great-grandmother
(ii) 以文字表示 21–99 的数字
sixty-eight (cf. eighteen, six hundred, ten thousand)
(iii) 表示分数
two-thirds, three-fourths
连接单词
我经常发现误用连字符的情况,以下例句将说明最常见的这类错误。
(i) We treat highly-complex structure.
(理由:副词与形容词间通常不会以连字符连接;修改方式:删除连字符。)
(ii) They prove a very well-known theorem.
(理由:当加入连字符时,very 修饰的对象是 well-known 整体,其实修饰对象应该只限于 well 而已;修改方式:删除连字符。)
(iii) This structure is two-dimensional.
(理由:two-dimensional 的位置不在被修饰名词之前;修改方式:删除连字符。)
(iv) This is a long term project.
(理由:long term 直接接于 project 之前;修改方式:改为 long-term)
(v) These figures are up-to-date.
(理由:up-to-date 不在 figures 之前;修改方式:删除连字符。)
(vi) The values drop-off rapidly just beyond the critical point.
(理由:组成动词词组的单词间不应以连字符连接;修改方式:删除连字符。)
(vii) There is a sharp drop off just beyond the critical point.
(理由:将动词词组当作名词使用时,组成单词应以连字符连接;修改方式:改为 drop-off。)
1 当这种修饰语完全由形容词或副词搭配形容词所组成时,通常不会使用连字符,因为除了非常罕见的情况外,这类单词不会组成单一单位一起作用。不过,像是以 well, poorly, better, worse, little, much, less(er), more及 ill 之类的副词修饰过去分词所组成的词语 (e.g., well known, poorly defined, better educated, little known, much studied, lesser established, ill mannered) 则属于例外情形。一般来说,当这种词语直接接于被修饰名词之前时,应用连字符连接这些单词。作者: wang 时间: 2020-2-22 14:49
为什么你这么优秀作者: 熊哒哒呀6 时间: 2020-7-2 12:20
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